What type of rubber is used in tyres

These rubber polymers are used in combination with natural rubber. Physical and chemical properties of these rubber polymers determine the performance of different components in the tyre as well as the overall tyre performance rolling resistance, wear and traction. Another important synthetic rubber is halogenated polyisobutylene rubber XIIR commonly known as halobutyl rubber. This material makes the inner liner impermeable which helps in keeping the tyre airtight and inflated.

Carbon Black - Carbon black is a by-product of incomplete combustion of petroleum. It has an uncanny resemblance with soot. Carbon black and soot can physically look very similar but are very different in terms of the relative amount of carbon, type of particulate carbon, and particle characteristics size, shape, and heterogeneity they have.

Silica - Silicon dioxide is used to deliver better fuel efficiency and wet grip. The addition of the chemical also improves properties such as tear resistance, tensile strength and makes the tyre abrasion proof. This results in reduced wear and tear as well as improved levels of traction. It also reduces rolling resistance.

Antioxidant - Used to prevent oxidation of the rubber when the tyre reaches higher temperatures as it is full of air that contains oxygen. Sulfur - Used in the process of vulcanisation. Sulfur and zinc oxide, are crucial ingredients to transform rubber into a solid article during vulcanization or tyre curing.

Curing systems shorten the vulcanization time and impact the length and number of crosslinks in the rubber matrix that form during tyre curing or vulcanization.

Vulcanised accelerator - Accelerates the process of vulcanisation Polyester - Another polymer extracted out of petroleum that is used to construct body plys in passenger tyres. Other fabrics used for body plys are rayon cord fabric, nylon cord fabric and aramid cord fabric. The history of tires provides an excellent example of how innovations in one industry can cause massive changes in another.

Simply put, the "take-off" of the automobile industry transformed the rubber industry in the United States during the early years of the twentieth century. The late-nineteenth century rubber industry concentrated on producing footwear and bicycle and carriage tires. By World War I, rubber and automobile tires were virtually synonymous in the public mind.

Seven thousand new car sales in were accompanied by sales of 28, tires as original equipment OE and an additional 68, replacement tires. By , with tires forming about fifty percent of rubber sales, OE tire sales exceeded four million for the one million new cars produced and total tire production reached This vast increase in production was accompanied by the emergence of now well-known firms like Goodyear, Goodrich, and Firestone, and the formation of the industry's center in Akron, Ohio.

And while employment soared, production increases were possible only with the aid of technology. The fundamental innovation was the mechanization of core building. Before , tires were built up by workers stretching, cementing, and stitching each ply and the beads around an iron core. In , W. State of the Goodyear company patented a machine that carried the plys, beads, and tread on rollers carried on a central turret. The worker pulled the appropriate material over the core while the machine's electric motor held the proper tension so the worker could finish cementing and stitching.

Skill and dexterity remained important, but the core-building machine simplified and sped-up production from six to eight tires per day per worker to twenty to forty a day, depending upon the type. A passenger car tire is manufactured by wrapping multiple layers of specially formulated rubber around a metal drum in a tire-forming machine.

The different components of the tire are carried to the forming machine, where a skilled assembler cuts and positions the strips to form the different parts of the The first step in the tire manufacturing process is the mixing of raw materials—rubber, carbon black, sulfur, and other materials—to form the rubber compound.

After the rubber is prepared, it is sent to a tire-building machine, where a worker builds up the rubber layers to form the tire. At this point, the tire is called a "green tire. When a green tire is finished, the metal drum collapses, allowing the tire assembler to remove the tire. The green tire is then taken to a mold for curing.

Quality control begins with the suppliers of the raw materials. Today, a tire manufacturer seeks suppliers who test the raw materials before they are delivered to the tire plant. A manufacturer will often enter into special purchasing agreements with a few suppliers who provide detailed certification of the properties and composition of the raw materials. To insure the certification of suppliers, tire company chemists make random tests of the raw materials as they are delivered.

Throughout the batch mixing process, samples of the rubber are drawn and tested to confirm different properties such as tensile strength and density. Each tire assembler is responsible for the tire components used. Code numbers and a comprehensive computer record-keeping system allow plant managers to trace batches of rubber and specific tire components. When a new tire design is being manufactured for the first time, hundreds of tires are taken from the end of the assembly line for destructive testing.

Some of the tires, for example, are sliced open to check for air pockets between body plies, while others are pressed down on metal studs to determine puncture resistance. Today, less than half of the rubber used in tyres is natural. Many sources use synthetic rubber which uses a variety of materials, including crude oil. Natural sap is still used, but the synthetic elements help to provide better parameters, such as heat resistance, which help extend the quality and life of the tyre.

The rubber car tyre has been used throughout motoring history, as few materials come close to matching its ideal properties. It is firm, but offers enough flexibility to give it a variety of functions, as well as making it an easier material to work with. That being said, modern technology is quickly developing new or alternative rubbers to help improve the situation. The Goodyear tyre group, for instance, is experimenting with Guayule, a desert shrub found along many southern U. S states and Mexico.

Since the Hevea tree needs the right conditions, often competing with farming, the Guayule rubber represents a way to easily acquire more natural rubber for tyre production. The Toyota tyre manufacturer, similarly, is using biosynthetic rubbers for various car parts, which use more natural components.

This is mostly used for drive system hoses, but it could soon extend to tyre production as well. Other companies, of course, are looking to improve the existing tyre rubber and efficiency. Perhaps more importantly, the microscopic, tiny studs which are not the same as winter studded tyres ensure the tyre is still able to perform well, even when worn down. Of course, it is possible to repurpose old tyres, by adding new treads.

These retreaded tyres have a few benefits and disadvantages which might put some drivers off using them. Despite this, retreading tyres is a great way to use a tyre carcass and the various, undamaged elements of the tyre itself.

There are many ways to recycle car tyres. Another way to recycle tyres is to simply break them down into their various parts. The steel in the carcass, for instance, can be used in many other production processes, but there are also many uses for recycled tyre rubber. This involves grinding the rubber down into granules, so that is can be used for a wide range of products, including brake pads, road surfaces and even new car tyres. Likewise, there is always plenty you can do to help recycle your tyres.

This involves knowing when to replace them , as well as storing them correctly when not in use, such as when switching between your summer tyres and winter tyres. Terms and conditions Delivery costs Delivery time. It is especially good for tear and fatigue crack resistance. The two main synthetic rubber polymers used in tire manufacturing are butadiene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber. These rubber polymers are used in combination with natural rubber. Physical and chemical properties of these rubber polymers determine the performance of each component in the tire as well as the overall tire performance rolling resistance, wear and traction.

Another important synthetic rubber is halogenated polyisobutylene rubber XIIR commonly known as halobutyl rubber. This material causes the innerliner to be impermeable, which helps to keep the tire inflated.

Steel wire is used in the tire belts and beads, and the plies for truck tires. The belts under the tread serve to stiffen the tire casing and improve wear performance and tire handling.

The bead wire anchors the tire and locks it onto the wheel. Textiles in tires are various types of fabric cords that reinforce the tire. Tire fabric cords provide dimensional stability and help support the vehicle weight.